http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/790 2026-04-23T15:11:01Z 2026-04-23T15:11:01Z Balde, Mohamadu Saidu http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/798 2024-04-18T13:51:09Z 2023-09-29T00:00:00Z

Demand-driven Analysis for the Potential Green Hydrogen Market in Africa Balde, Mohamadu Saidu Global hydrogen demand reached 95 million tonnes (Mt) in 2023, with the chemical industry consuming 66% of the total hydrogen production annually. Africa consumes nearly 3 million tonnes of hydrogen annually, with 70% used in the chemical industry for nitrogen fertilizers. Most of the hydrogen production is based on fossil fuels, with 96% from natural gas, oil, and coal. This production contributes to 630 million tonnes of direct CO2 emissions, threatening the environment and requiring new alternatives. Green hydrogen is considered a critical energy alternative and a vital pillar in the energy transition. Building a green hydrogen value chain requires international partnerships, economic and trade relations, political ties, and investments due to the unbalanced renewable energy and technical potential of hydrogen production. Africa is at the core of geopolitical attention due to its large renewable energy potential for the green hydrogen economy, with a theoretical capacity of approximately 900 million tonnes per annum of hydrogen. Nevertheless, more than 90% of African green hydrogen projects are focused on exports. A few roadmaps developed and announced projects targeted the African domestic market. Therefore, this study aims to identify potential market opportunities for green hydrogen in Africa to support the domestic market in decarbonization and sustainable development. A qualitative, quantitative, and comparative analysis was conducted from a bibliographic research method and a survey. The results presented that the global hydrogen project proposals worldwide increased from 359 in 2021 to 1046 in 2023, Africa counting around 52 project proposals focused on exports, with the remainder targeting domestic demand within the transport, chemical, and fertilizer sectors. The demand for hydrogen in Africa is expected to reach 20 Mt by 2050. There is an increase in hydrogen demand. And, because Africa has one of the highest and fastest-growing populations and economic growth in the world. It both will demand energy and be able to supply it. However, currently, there are only six of the many African countries that are developing green hydrogen roadmaps. Therefore, sectors such as fertilizer, power generation, transport, and mobility are some of the most expected hydrogen applications to unlock the hydrogen market in Africa, in particular West Africa. Building a green hydrogen economy in Africa requires a clear and sustainable policy that secures hydrogen development and implementation. This study recommended three policy pathways to unlock the green hydrogen market in Africa particularlyWest Africa: (i) Formulate a Regulatory and institutional framework; (ii) Build strategic partnerships; and (iii) Foster regional policy market integration. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, the Université Abdou Moumouni, Niger, and the Jülich Forschungszentrum in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the International Master Program in Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen (Photovoltaics System Analysis for Green Hydrogen Technologies)

2023-09-29T00:00:00Z Nyanamah, Preston http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/797 2024-04-18T13:44:08Z 2023-08-19T00:00:00Z

Test of Different Instruments for Measuring that Current/Voltage Curve of Photovoltaic Modules Nyanamah, Preston Nowadays, there is a high demand for energy worldwide. Solar energy has emerged as one of the best renewable energy options to help meet global energy demands while helping to solve the climate change crisis. The rising demand for solar energy has prompted the massive production and widespread deployment of solar PV modules globally. Manufacturers, researches, engineers and solar installers use specialized instruments known as solar PV current/voltage testers or tracers to test and measure the current/voltage characteristics of Solar modules. Such measurement enables fault detection and performance problems in solar modules; however, they are very expensive and often inaccessible for institutions and researchers with low income. In certain cases, low-cost instruments are developed as alternatives to test solar PV performance issues. Performance problems in solar modules are caused by changes in the modules’ parameters such as series resistance, parallel resistance, ideality factor and saturation current density. Solar module parameters are very crucial but difficult to compute. Thus, the main goal of this study was to test both commercial and low-cost solar module current/voltage testers by measuring the current/voltage curves of solar modules and using the current/voltage data to calculate solar modules and cells parameters. The Werner plots were used along with the Origin software to evaluate solar module/cells parameters. The research results showed that the low-cost solar module current/voltage curve tester can compete with commercial current/voltage tester in terms of measuring series resistance, parallel resistance, saturation current density, etc. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the low-cost instrument can measure multiple solar modules at once, a capability that was lacking in the expensive commercial WaveLabs instrument. However, the commercial instruments were faster in measuring the modules current/voltage curve due to their short sweep speed (20-500𝜇𝑠) and (0.02-2s) respectively compared to a sweep speed of 6seconds for the low-cost instrument. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, the Université Abdou Moumouni, Niger, and the Jülich Forschungszentrum in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the International Master Program in Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen (Photovoltaics System Analysis for Green Hydrogen Technologies)

2023-08-19T00:00:00Z Barry, Amadou http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/796 2024-03-27T12:55:56Z 2023-09-29T00:00:00Z

Defining Current and Future process routes of the Global Cement Sector and showing Pathways for the Cement Industry of Senegal Barry, Amadou The cement industry is a substantial source of global carbon dioxide emissions, and its challenges are growing due to rising demand for cement driven by population growth and infrastructure development. Cement production is responsible for about 7% to 8% of the world's carbon dioxide emissions, with over 60% of these emissions stemming from the decomposition of raw materials and the rest from fossil fuel usage. These emissions have detrimental effects on the climate, particularly by contributing to global warming. Consequently, the search for cleaner methods of cement production becomes increasingly paramount. This study offers a thorough evaluation of current cement production processes and presents strategies to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. It also envisions future pathways for sustainable cement production with a primary goal of utilizing near term available technologies to achieve a substantial reduction in carbon emissions. Additionally, an analysis involving the cement industries of Senegal, China, and Germany was conducted. To achieve these goals, a model was developed to assess parameters such as energy and raw material requirements during cement production, as well as associated carbon dioxide emissions and techno-economic factors. The outcome of this study revealed that carbon dioxide emissions in current cement production processes in selected countries vary between 524 kg of CO2 and 612.2 kg of CO2, with production costs ranging from 53.7 to 64.8 Euros per ton of cement. In contrast, the novel cement production pathways proposed in this study emit between 0 and 33.6 kg of CO2 in the selected countries, with production costs ranging from 62 Euros to 106 Euros per ton of cement. Therefore, this study benefits in reducing environmental impacts, improving energy efficiency, and meeting international climate commitments. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, the Université Abdou Moumouni, Niger, and the Jülich Forschungszentrum in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the International Master Program in Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen (Photovoltaics System Analysis for Green Hydrogen Technologies)

2023-09-29T00:00:00Z Honzounnon, Mahoutin Bernard Alexis http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/795 2024-03-27T12:44:17Z 2023-09-25T00:00:00Z

Optimization of accurate PV for Green Hydrogen Production under Sahelian Climate Conditions: Case of Niger Honzounnon, Mahoutin Bernard Alexis Green Hydrogen has gained significant attention to achieving net zero emissions by 2050 scenario. This study performs an optimization of an Accurate photovoltaic for Green Hydrogen production under severe environment conditions including temperature, wind and dust accumulation effects on photovoltaic modules in the Sahel. Two different photovoltaic models were set up to optimize Green Hydrogen production using COMANDO energy systems modelling framework, an accurate photovoltaic model including the environmental factors mentioned above and a photovoltaic with water-cooling system model that limits the cells overheating and dust accumulation loss. The optimization results of photovoltaic with water-cooling based considering Reversible Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells, wind turbines, batteries, ground-water suppliers, hydrogen storage, water storage, electricity grid fed in by the electricity excess and a hydrogen demand of 15.3 tons per day revealed better than the results of the accurate photovoltaic with respectively a total annualized investment costs of 88.58 million USD and 84.13 million USD. Similarly, the optimal design of the photovoltaic plant size decreases from 274.22 MWp to 259.78 saving a PV modules installation of 13.13 MWp and 7.5 hectares of land. These results are due to the improvement of photovoltaic operating efficiency by limiting the cells' overheating and dust accumulation through photovoltaic water-cooling. Investigation of the impact of the electrolyzers technologies and the hydrogen demand profile on the optimization results meeting the same daily hydrogen demand shows that hydrogen production using the alkaline electrolyzer with a base demand of 200 kg/h and a pick demand during the daytime up to 2422.6 kg/h gives the best optimization results. The total annualized investment costs dropped significantly from 84.13 million USD to 65.68 million USD led by a significant increase of the photovoltaic size up to 348.22 MWp and a significant decrease in wind turbines from 39.76 MW to 11.54 MW. It can be drawn that Hydrogen production in the Sahel with hybrid solar and wind without battery is more cost-effective in high production during the daytime due to the huge solar potential and lower production on the nights or cloudy days by the wind energy. Finally, it was found that 12,258 m3 is required for one cooling cycle of 348.22 MWp of photovoltaic plant and this significant amount of water can be used in agriculture to improve food security. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, the Université Abdou Moumouni, Niger, and the Jülich Forschungszentrum in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the International Master Program in Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen (Photovoltaics System Analysis for Green Hydrogen Technologies)

2023-09-25T00:00:00Z