http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/806 2026-04-23T15:11:08Z 2026-04-23T15:11:08Z Yoda, Houssoukri Zounogo Wahabou http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/821 2024-04-23T13:48:39Z 2023-09-26T00:00:00Z

Evaluation of Wind and Solar Power Generation over South Africa according to Different Data Sources Yoda, Houssoukri Zounogo Wahabou Reanalysis data and regional downscaling using atmospheric models have become integral tools for assessing wind and solar energy potential in renewable energy simulations. This study leverages ERA5 reanalysis and the high-resolution ICON in Limited Area Mode (ICON-LAM) simulated dataset, along with the Renewable Energy Simulation toolkit (RESKit), to evaluate wind speed and solar radiation, followed by the evaluation of their conversion to power using the RESKit model. South Africa is chosen as our study domain for its current national wide poor electricity supply and the availability of observation data. The focus time period spans a duration of three years, ranging from 2017 to 2019. In the first step, observation wind speeds collected from weather masts and observed solar radiation collected from Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management (SASSCAL) and Trans-African Hydro-Meteorological Observatory (TAHMO) stations are compared to modelled wind speeds and solar radiation. In the second step, observation wind and solar power generation collected from the Renewable Energy Data Information Service (REDIS) are compared to modelled wind and solar power generation. This comparison is conducted through diverse indicators, including Pearson correlation (r), root mean square error (RMSE), mean error (ME), coefficient of determination (R-squared or R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and Perkins skill score (PSS). Our findings underscore the superiority of ICON-LAM over ERA5 in terms of ME, MAE, R-squared, RMSE, r and PSS for wind speed assessment. For solar radiation analysis, ICON-LAM outperforms ERA5 in terms of PSS, MAE, and RMSE. Shifting focus to wind power estimation, ERA5 shows better performance than ICON-LAM in ME, R-squared, RMSE, Pearson correlation, and PSS. Similarly, in solar power estimation, ERA5 excels over ICON-LAM in MAE, ME, RMSE, r, and PSS. It's crucial to highlight that the power generation comparison has been carried out using observation data that is significantly aggregated, resulting in notable uncertainty that may constrain the performance evaluation of the high-resolution ICON-LAM. This study not only underscores the significance of advanced datasets and tools but also sheds light on their nuanced performance in assessing renewable energy potential across various metrics. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, the Université Felix Houphouët-Boigny, Cote d’Ivoire, and the Jülich Forschungszentrum in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the International Master Program in Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen / Georesources (Water and Wind) and Technology

2023-09-26T00:00:00Z Konate, Souleymane Fanta http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/820 2024-04-23T13:41:56Z 2023-09-28T00:00:00Z

Exploring Projected Groundwater Sustainable Yield Across African Countries with Implications for Green Hydrogen Production Konate, Souleymane Fanta Africa's abundant renewable energy resources position it to play a crucial role in achieving carbon neutrality and meeting climate targets. Green hydrogen, in particular, holds promise for clean energy generation, transportation, and storage. To make green hydrogen production successful, understanding water resource availability, including future projections, is vital. Our study focuses on assessing groundwater resources across diverse African countries and their relevance to green hydrogen production. We conduct a spatio-temporal analysis, considering groundwater recharge, human water use, the HWU/GWR ratio, and groundwater sustainable yield. We examine two climate scenarios (RCP 2.6 and 8.5) from 2015 to 2100 to identify trends in groundwater recharge and water use in fifty-one African nations. Our methodology combines water balance assessments and statistical analysis. We utilize meteorological data from Global Climate Models (GCMs) and Regional Climate Models (RCMs) as input for the Community Land Model (CLM) to calculate groundwater recharge. Additionally, the PCRGLOBWB global hydrological model simulates human water use. Our findings highlight significant variations in groundwater recharge and the HWU/GWR ratio across regions. Some areas, such as West Africa (coastal regions), Central Africa (near the equator), and Southern Africa, demonstrate substantial potential for long-term green hydrogen production due to promising sustainable groundwater yields. However, regions like the Sahara zone, encompassing Mali and Niger, do not exhibit significant sustainable groundwater recharge yields for green hydrogen. Climate change impacts are noticeable in the trends, especially in Northern Africa, where groundwater recharge is decreasing. These insights emphasize the dynamic nature of groundwater resources and their critical role in sustainable water management and the advancement of green hydrogen initiatives in Africa. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, the Université Felix Houphouët-Boigny, Cote d’Ivoire, and the Jülich Forschungszentrum in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the International Master Program in Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen / Georesources (Water and Wind) and Technology

2023-09-28T00:00:00Z Jallah, Joe Blama http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/819 2024-04-23T13:36:40Z 2023-09-28T00:00:00Z

Impact of Changing Climate on the Potential of Streamflow for Hydropower Generation in Africa, Genale Dawa III (GD-3) in Ethiopia Jallah, Joe Blama The impact of changing climate on the potential streamflow for hydropower generation is a critical concern in Africa, specifically in the Genale Dawa III(GD-3) catchment in Ethiopia. This study aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding climate change, streamflow analysis, and hydropower potential in the region. Its aim is to establish a relationship between streamflow and hydropower potential, analyze how climate change affects annual hydropower potential, investigate the impact of climate change on streamflow. Climate change has global implications, directly affecting precipitation, temperature, and streamflow patterns, ultimately impacting the streamflow. Africa, which has abundant hydropower potential, is facing increasing climate hazards. This study utilized climate data (historical 1996-2005, projected periods 2011-2100) and streamflow data1980-2015. Three climate models, CanESM_RCA4, CSIRO-Mk3-6-0_RCA4, and NorESM_RCA4, under emission pathway RCP 8.5, were incorporated to capture changes in hydropower potential and a range of climate uncertainties. Hydrological simulations were performed (Liu & Olarinoye, 2023). using the HBV model. Additionally, a consistent trend of increasing long-term average temperature and precipitation was observed across all three climate models across the catchment area as 22°C increase until 2100, 1389mm/yr decrease in precipitation. Furthermore, the long-term average streamflow projected a general decrease of 15.7%. The research also assesses the general change of the average long-term change in hydropower potential of the future periods of 34% decrease catchment. An overall understanding of the potential changes in precipitation, temperature, streamflow, and hydropower generation is crucial in Africa, particularly in the Genale Dawa III catchment. These findings contribute to the assessment of the impact of climate change on hydropower generation and can inform sustainable energy management strategies in the region. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, the Université Felix Houphouët-Boigny, Cote d’Ivoire, and the Jülich Forschungszentrum in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the International Master Program in Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen / Georesources (Water and Wind) and Technology

2023-09-28T00:00:00Z Helder, Antonio Alfredo Mutna http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/818 2024-04-23T13:28:45Z 2023-09-28T00:00:00Z

Five decades (1965-2014) of CLM5, ERA5 and GLDAS Groundwater Recharge in Africa with Implications for Green Hydrogen Production Helder, Antonio Alfredo Mutna This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution of decadal mean groundwater recharge (GWR) across Africa from 1965 to 2014. The analysis employs the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) as the reference dataset, alongside the European Reanalysis dataset version 5 (ERA5-Land) and Global Land Data Assimilation System version 2 (GLDAS_2.0) as additional dataset. Groundwater recharge calculations utilize a water balance approach, revealing mean decadal recharge rates of 45.5 mm/year for CLM5, 129.9 mm/year for ERA5-Land, and 155.4 mm/year for GLDAS. Remarkably, regions such as Central Africa, Central-East Africa, West Africa, South-East Africa, and North-East Africa (including Ethiopia) demonstrate substantial groundwater availability. Fascinatingly, a strong similarity emerges between Precipitation and Evapotranspiration across the models. Specifically, the average annual precipitation stands at 644.6 mm for CLM5, 627.2 mm for GLDAS, and 691.6 mm for ERA5-Land. Correspondingly, the annual evapotranspiration rates are 480.8 mm for CLM5, 462.8 mm for GLDAS_2.0, and 526.7 mm for ERA5. Statistical analyses establish a noteworthy correlation between CLM5 and GLDAS_2.0. This correlation underscores the reliability of the models in assessing groundwater recharge. The identification of regions with elevated groundwater recharge potential lays a crucial foundation for informed decision-making in the establishment of green hydrogen projects. Moreover, it emphasizes the indispensable role of accurate hydrological modelling in shaping sustainable water resource strategies for advancing energy sustainability. In moving forward, collaboration between stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers is pivotal. Such partnerships can facilitate the assessment of the feasibility of green hydrogen projects in areas with significant recharge potential. This assessment must holistically consider both groundwater availability and the broader landscape of renewable energy resources. This study's findings hold substantial implications for steering environmentally conscious energy initiatives and ensuring harmonious resource management. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, the Université Felix Houphouët-Boigny, Cote d’Ivoire, and the Jülich Forschungszentrum in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the International Master Program in Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen / Georesources (Water and Wind) and Technology

2023-09-28T00:00:00Z