http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/973 2026-04-23T15:09:46Z 2026-04-23T15:09:46Z Some, Tiertou Edwige http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/305 2026-01-29T11:33:32Z 2015-04-01T00:00:00Z

Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation and Agriculture: Trade-Off rr Win-Win Situation for Small Farmers in the Sudanian Area of Burkina Faso? Some, Tiertou Edwige Climate changes talks regularly underline that developing countries’ agriculture could play a stronger role in greenhouse gases (GHG) mitigation strategies and benefit from market internalization of emission reductions or subsidies from the Kyoto Protocol program of subsidies. Agriculture can contribute to carbon mitigation by storing more carbon in the soil through greener cropping systems, by planting perennials and by raising livestock differently. In this context, a growing number of researchers have started to investigate how developing countries can contribute to these objectives. If farmers reduce their GHG emission and increase their carbon sequestration will it be a win-win outcome where the new techniques will finally improve farmers’ income? Some economists think that environmental regulation lead to a win-win outcome, in which case subsidies are not necessary. Reducing the emission implies the choice of less pollutant crops activities and improvement of good agricultural practices. The study aims to assess whether mitigation strategies will imply a trade-off between environmental and economic objectives or a win-win situation. I apply this study to the case of small farmers in Burkina Faso using an dynamic mathematical programming, in which the farmers maximize their utility subject to constraints as emission limitation, land, labour, capital and food consumption. The results show that the limitation of emissions and the application of taxes in the annual crops production involves a trade-off for African small farmers rather than a win-win situation. When the farmers produce only annual crops, integrating the emission reduction in their system impacts negatively their net cash income, compared to the baseline scenario. When integrating perennial crops in the farming system, the farmers’ utility is higher than their utility when their produce only annual crops. Also, the net carbon balance is positive. Around 6,118 kg (carbon equivalent) are sequestrated individually by the farmers. As such agroforestry becomes a win-win situation for small farmers, because they reach a higher level of income, and reduce by the same way, the emission from their activities. Policymakers should encourage small farmers to adopt agroforestry, or to integrate perennial crops in their annual cropping systems. Most small farmers are living below the poverty line. Limiting the emission from their annual crops activities will worsen their living conditions. To reach the emission reduction objectives in the annual crops system, some incentives would be needed to compensate the income lost A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use and Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Climate Change and Economics

2015-04-01T00:00:00Z Kouame, Bossombra Nadege Parfaite http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/304 2026-01-29T11:34:24Z 2016-04-01T00:00:00Z

Reforestation and Climate Mitigation in Côte d’Ivoire: A Cost Benefit Analysis of the Bouaflé Protected Forest Kouame, Bossombra Nadege Parfaite Forests play a key role in the environmental balance and act as a livelihood provider for people especially for the surrounding population. Côte d'Ivoire located in West Africa, has a high level of biodiversity, mainly on forested land. Like other countries of this region, Côte d’Ivoire has suffered severe deforestation since the 60s. However, deforestation and forest degradation release Greenhouse Gases into the atmosphere which contributes to Climate Change. In order to reduce deforestation, many actions are taken globally and locally. One of which is the implementation of forest protected areas inside countries. However protected areas implementation imposes some restriction on access to forest resources to local population. As local population supplement their daily livelihood with forest-based products, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of these forest protected areas on social welfare. The methodology applied was Cost Benefit Analysis. In order to valuate the total benefits, we used the contingent valuation method for local population direct benefits estimation. Next, the raw material production was an estimate provided in SODEFOR plans. Then, the indirect benefits were computed using estimates of tropical forests-related benefits per hectare provided in the literature as a proxy. The indirect benefits encompassing climate regulation; disturbance regulation and water regulation; erosion control and sediment retention; soil formation; nutrient cycling; waste treatment; genetic resources were 2,579 million; 57.83 million ; 69.39 million; 2,833 million; 115.66 million; 10,664 million; 1,006 million; 474.21 million respectively (all in CFA FRANCS and per year). The carbone sequestration was estimated to 56,425 million CFA FRANCS/ha/year based on an annual estimate per hectare for the Ivorian forests in the literature. Water supply computed based on an annual estimate of the groundwater replenishment, is 461,800 CFA FRANCS billion/year. The contingent valuation study was about willingness to pay of local population. A questionnaire was addressed to 159 households inside and around the Bouaflé protected forest. First, we analysed the perception of local population of the importance of the Bouaflé protected forest to them. Then we measured their mean and median WTP. Then the costs of the conservation were measured by investment, operationnal and opportunity cost approaches. At the local level, the costs are largely higher than the benefits. When taking into account the indirect forest services, this result is highly positive. We computed the net present value of the conservation based on two different approaches. With the social disount rates suggested by Stern (1.4% ), the net present value is 4 342 086 118 CFA Francs while with the social discount rate of Nordhaus (5.5%), the net present value is 3 672 909 531 CFA Francs. Among other recommendations, we encourage population participation and appropriation of the conservation policies through sensitization, training and assistance for an efficient forest conservation and climate change mitigation. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use and Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Climate Change and Economics

2016-04-01T00:00:00Z Ba Bah, Amadou Binta http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/150 2026-01-29T11:39:21Z 2016-04-01T00:00:00Z

Climate Change and Sustainable Intensification in Senegal: A Case Study of the organic Vegetable Farming System in the Niayes Region. Ba Bah, Amadou Binta This study aims to investigate the present production and marketing systems of vegetables production in the Niayes so as to analyze the potential of organic farming to enhance framers’ productivity and to mitigate climate change. A farm model is used to study the economic and environmental performances of the organic vegetable farming system compared to the conventional vegetable farming system in the rural community of Diender. The analysis is undertaken in two representative farms (conventional and organic). Gross margin is regarded as economic indicator while carbon emissions equivalent are regarded as environmental indicators. Moreover, risk analysis in the two farming systems are performed based on the Expected value- variance (E- V) model. This is carried out through performing Excel based and mathematical programming analyses, using data that describe a typical organic vegetable farm and a conventional vegetable farm in the Niayes. Results about the analysis of the performance of the market through marketing margins calculations show that traders are taking above 50% of the total profit margin while farmers who are doing all the work of producing vegetables and bearing the associated risks, takes less than 50% of the profit margin. This share disproportion of benefits is the reflexion of poor relationship among actors. Simulation results indicate that the conventional farming system is still economically more attractive to farmers in the Niayes compared to the organic farming system. But, environmental results in terms of GHG emissions show that the organic system is found to be less emitter and more effective in mitigating climate change. Moreover, simulation results also show that there is a “win-win” situation for conventional farmers when they go for crops that required less use of chemical fertilizers and partially adopt organic farming system. Results about risk analysis reveal that producers under both system of production are risk-averse. However, the risk attitude and management are different from one system to another. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use and Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Climate Change and Economics

2016-04-01T00:00:00Z Bonou, Alice http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/149 2026-01-29T11:40:34Z 2016-04-01T00:00:00Z

Impact of Floods on the Livelihoods of Farmers in the Context of Forest Degradation and Climate change: Case Study of Benin Republic Bonou, Alice Climate Change is likely to affect temporal and spatial patterns of moisture delivery and the physical form and quantity of moisture delivered over a given period of time. These changing patterns will probably lead to more frequent (and possibly more extreme) droughts and floods (IPCC, 2014). The main objective is to assess, at the household level, the effect of the 2012 flooding on the livelihoods of farmers. The study was conducted in this semiarid zone, within the Benin’s part of Niger hydrologic basin. Two communes were chosen: Malanville and Karimama. With 19 targeted villages, the sampling rate is 14.67% and the sample size is 228 households. The econometric framework adopted is the Rubin Causal Model with Generalized Propensity Score method (GPS). The simple linear regression: Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and three poverty indexes are also used. Results show that the rice yield is a decreasing function of the percentage of rice land flooded. The average impact of 10% of rice farm flooded is a loss of 1.19 tons/ha. Further, taking into account all crops, a farmer who lost 10% of his farmland may lose 16420 FCFA/ha ($33). The happiness is also negatively affected by the intensity of flooding. Among the mitigation measures, a few farmers use the dykes. The early harvest of the production is perceived as the most adaptation measures used by the farmers. It is urgent that local authorities put appropriate preventive measures, like dykes building, in place in order to protect the communities against this disaster risk. The introduction of water resistant species should be prioritized to withstand the effects of flooding in the area. For future research, the estimation of flood insurance premiums and the design/implementation of flood insurance will be the focus. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use and Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Climate Change and Economics

2016-04-01T00:00:00Z