http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/999 2026-04-23T16:34:13Z http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/1022 Environmental and cost assessment of diesel and hydrogen construction heavy-duty machinery using the life cycle assessment framework according to ISO 14040:2006 Adewouni, Tayo Joseph In this era of sustainability, with high demand for clean energy systems, environmental protection, and economic development, this work aims to develop a science-based analysis that enables construction industry stakeholders to make informed decisions about power system choices based on environmental and cost considerations for construction machinery. The appropriate methodology for this work is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC), following the LCA framework as outlined in ISO 14040, related to the environmental and cost assessment of diesel and hydrogen excavators throughout their life cycle. This work uses SimaPro for the environmental LCA and a basic Excel model to calculate the LCC of each excavator. As for the results, green hydrogen fuel cell (FC) excavators significantly reduce environmental impacts compared to diesel, cutting climate change emissions by 75%, ozone-forming gases by 95%, and particulate pollution by 84%, while also lowering water and marine toxicity by around 94%. However, the FC systems require 52% more mineral resources and consume over five times more water. The Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) system is more cost-efficient at the acquisition stage. In contrast, FC systems benefit from lower operational costs due to reduced fuel consumption. This makes the FC system, under the optimal configuration, the most cost-effective choice in the long term. Hydrogen FC powertrains are expected to become cost-competitive with ICE systems as the cost of FC components decreases. Replacing diesel with hydrogen in machinery cuts fossil fuel use, promotes clean energy, and helps early adopters shape the low-carbon machinery market. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, the Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Senegal, and the RWTH University of Aachen in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the International Master Program in Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen (Economics/Policies/Infrastructures and Green Hydrogen Technology) 2025-09-17T00:00:00Z http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/1021 The Economic and environmental implications of E-ammonia and E-methanol production in three industrial sites in Liberia, Kenya and Egypt Sellie, Stephen B. M.Jr. With response to the urgent global mandate to mitigate climate change and its far-reaching consequences, governments, industry leaders, and research institutions are increasingly exploring adaptive and sustainable energy solutions. The maritime transport sector, recognized as a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions has emerged as one of the main focus areas for decarbonization. This study investigates the economic and environmental implications of two energy carriers (e-methanol and e-ammonia) as alternative marine fuels, with a specific focus on three industrial production sites located in Kenya, Egypt, and Liberia. Employing a mixed-methodological approach, the study integrates quantitative modelling with qualitative case analysis. Key evaluation parameters include renewable energy potential, infrastructure requirements, water availability, land tenure considerations, and the application of carbon capture and nitrogen separation technologies. Operational expenditure, revenue streams, and levelized cost of e-methanol and e-ammonia are assessed to generate realistic profitability estimates. We use the AnyLogic simulation tool to perform system dynamics modelling, offering an integrated perspective that encompasses both engineering and economic dimensions. This modelling approach enhances the robustness and applicability of the findings, contributing valuable insights to the strategic deployment of e-fuels in the maritime sector. A key finding of the research is that green hydrogen represents a viable decarbonization pathway that facilitates sector coupling across the maritime transport domain. Leveraging this insight, the study conducts a cradle-to-gate and economic analysis of e-methanol and e-ammonia production, identifying the fuel that yields the most favorable balance of profitability and environmental benefit for shipping. Among the three sites examined, Liberia demonstrates the highest production output and profitability, outperforming Kenya and Egypt in overall viability. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, the Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Senegal, and the RWTH University of Aachen in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the International Master Program in Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen (Economics/Policies/Infrastructures and Green Hydrogen Technology) 2025-09-12T00:00:00Z http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/1020 The Energy Policy Triangle (Affordability, Supply Security, and Sustainability): Compared Germany vs. West Africa Sesay, Simeon The research compares the performance of the energy policy of Germany with that of four West African countries, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal. This was done by using the Energy Policy Triangle (EPT) framework, which evaluates affordability, security of supply, and sustainability. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method was used to compute sixteen policy-relevant indicators that were normalized and aggregated into a composite Energy Policy Triangle Index (EPTI) between the year 2008 and 2020. Germany is evidently seen to have registered improvement on the overall EPTI based on cumulative policies, regulatory consistency, and universal renewable energy usage. Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal made gains in access and affordability, but Ghana and Nigeria experienced decrease on the basis of affordability challenges, fossil fuel reliance, and inefficient infrastructure. Trade-offs remain prominent across West Africa, with affordability and access given priority over sustainability. The study indicates the relevance of stable policy, institutions, regional integration of energy markets, and improved data systems that favour just energy transitions. Recommendations are focused on enhancing temporal data resolution, context-sensitive benchmarking, and facilitating knowledge sharing between the developed and developing world to achieve sustainable development and climate goals. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, the Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Senegal, and the RWTH University of Aachen in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the International Master Program in Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen (Economics/Policies/Infrastructures and Green Hydrogen Technology) 2025-09-17T00:00:00Z http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/1019 " Economic and Environmental Evaluation of Green Hydrogen Plants Carrying Out Desalination in Dakar, For Export to Germany" Kargbo, Shaka This study explores the economic and environmental feasibility of producing green hydrogen in Dakar, Senegal, using wind energy and desalinated seawater, with the aim of exporting it to Germany. The motivation for this research arises from the global need to decarbonize industrial sectors and shift to cleaner energy systems. West Africa, especially Senegal, offers a unique opportunity due to its favourable coastal wind conditions and increasing energy demand, yet it remains underexplored in existing green hydrogen research. The study addresses this gap by establishing a desalination-integrated hydrogen model in West Africa, providing insights into economic diversification, environmental sustainability, and technical scalability. To address this gap, the study employs a mixed-method approach using AnyLogic simulation modeling to assess the technical, environmental, and financial viability of a large-scale hydrogen system. This model integrates key components such as wind power generation, reverse osmosis desalination, PEM electrolysis, storage, and maritime export logistics. Quantitative results included capital expenditures, operational costs, water and energy consumption rates, and hydrogen market pricing. The results reveal that while the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) is estimated at €9.97/kg, falling within the upper range of current international benchmarks, the project offers considerable environmental benefits, including the annual avoidance of over 51,000 tonnes of CO₂ emissions from the steel sector and significant brine discharge management from desalination. Economically, the project is strengthened by export revenues, job creation in local supply chains, and potential tax income for the Senegalese government. For Germany, the benefits include access to green hydrogen, which aligns with its decarbonization strategy and international partnership goals. In conclusion, the research demonstrates that Dakar-based green hydrogen export is both technically and environmentally feasible, economically dependent on supportive policies and investment frameworks. The broader implications underscore the role that such projects can play in advancing multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 6 (Clean Water), SDG 7 (Affordable Clean Energy), SDG 8 (Economic Growth), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 17 (Partnerships). A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, the Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Senegal, and the RWTH University of Aachen in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the International Master Program in Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen (Economics/Policies/Infrastructures and Green Hydrogen Technology) 2025-09-11T00:00:00Z