http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/974 Thu, 23 Apr 2026 15:07:38 GMT 2026-04-23T15:07:38Z http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/995 Carbon Market in West African Economic and Monetary (WAEMU) Countries Gueye, Fama Carbon trading mechanisms was introduced into the Kyoto protocol as a means to achieve emissions reductions in an efficient and cost-effective way. One of its principles that engaged developing countries in the formal carbon market is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). However, Africa has hosted a very few numbers of CDM projects especially in WAEMU countries where the participation is very low. In this thesis, we assess the factors responsible for the participation of these countries in the carbon market as well as analysing the contribution of CDM projects to sustainable development (economic, social and environmental) in West African countries and studying how carbon market interfere with the priorities of WAEMU countries’ government. The panel regression demonstrates that Population size, human capital, infrastructure quality as well as GDP per capita are the variables which pull forward the CDM projects implementation in WAEMU countries. The multi-Attributive Assessment tool show that existing CDM project have a positive and slight impact on sustainable development in WAEMU countries. Compared with the benchmark scenario which give a utility of 0.995 (which should be the ideal score of a CDM project contribution on sustainable development), forestry CDM projects (with a utility of 0.407) still more profitable than solar projects (with a utility of 0.252) in these countries. Accompanying by international support, WAEMU countries will undertake more climate actions into their national programmes and policies. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use and Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Climate Change and Economics Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/995 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/994 Technical efficiency, adoption and impact of organic farming practic-es: a case study of organic cotton farming in Burkina Faso Kousougou, Abdoulaye Organic farming sector is presented today as an alternative to limit the numerous environmental challenges caused by conventional farming practices. Essentially based on farm biota for fertilization and the control of pests, this type of farming practice reduce considerably external contributions on the farm such as agricultural chemicals. Though its environmental efficiency have been well established, organic farming still poorly adopted all over the world. The potential of organic methods (crop rotation, natural enemies, and organic pesticides) to provide nutrients and insure pests and weed control is an important issue of the acceptance of organic farming. Given that organic farming practices are constrained in terms of inputs use, their ability to provide acceptable yields is questioned. Potential adopters wonder about the capacity of organic farming practices to derive productive inputs through only soil biological processes. In addition, the question of the economic impact of organic farming practices on farm household livelihoods is also a subject of debates. Based on these questionings, this study aims to examine the technical efficiency, the adoption and the impact of organic farming in the specific case of organic cotton production in Burkina Faso. Given that the adoption and diffusion of innovations is essentially an informational process, a merged framework of the theory of diffusion of innovations and the theory of planned behaviour serves as conceptual framework for this study. The adoption and impact of organic cotton production is investigated through an endogenous switching regression model to control for the endogeniety of the adoption decision while stochastic frontier analysis are applied to determine the technical efficiency of organic cotton farming and its exogenous determinants. The results of the study revealed that factors such as the experience in cotton farming, the education of the head of household, the household size, the gender of the head of household and the knowledge provided to cotton farmers through radio emissions affect negatively the decision to grow organic cotton. While the age of the head of household has a positive impact on the decision to grow organic cotton. Moreover the adoption of organic cotton farming has a significant positive impact on the returns on cotton production of organic cotton farmers but affect negatively their capacity to grow non-cotton crops. The analysis of the technical efficiency of organic cotton farmers revealed that the mean technical efficiency of organic cotton farmers is about 0.6538323 with a confidence interval of [0.026201; 0.9998788] at 95%. Farm size is an efficiency enhancing factor while the experience in cotton production, the distance from household to cotton farm and the soil fertility status are efficiency reducing factors. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use and Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Climate Change and Economics Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/994 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/993 Economic Analysis of Climate Change Induced Resource Scarcity and Armed Conflicts in Niger Garba Hima, Mamane Bello This dissertation aims to contribute to our understanding of armed conflicts’ triggers between actors (State and Terrorists; Farmers and Herders) in Niger and how to resolve such conflict(s) under climate change. The relationship between climate change and violent conflict is complex. Researchers find that conflicts are increasingly concentrated in the poorest portion of the world’s countries. Niger as one of the poorest countries is ran-fed agriculturally based economy. Though, climatic conditions are neither necessary nor sufficient for conflicts to occur, but changes in climatic conditions could have a measurable impact on the probability and intensity of conflict, holding other conflict-related factors fixed. The empirical challenge addresses by this dissertation is to quantify this effect in Niger. The work aimed specifically to i) Estimate the impact of climate variability and associated agricultural income losses on the likelihood of outbreaks of armed conflict; ii) Analyse the effect of environmental resource constraints on farmer-herder conflicts escalation in Niger and iii) Evaluate conflict management and resolution techniques. To tackle the objectives of this dissertation, we employed quantitative techniques using primary and secondary data. The theoretical model developed by Chassang and Padro-i-Miquel (2009) is used to illustrate potential channels of violent conflict between actors. In the original model, the authors considered two actors who have to decide whether to engage in costly conflict and redistribution when bargaining fails. For the specific objective two, we used a Heckman two stages model with primary data (collected on 3000 households). In studying conflict resolution, we used qualitative (Isak analytical tools allowed us to evaluate conflict resolution techniques) techniques. The analysis supports the argument that agricultural resource is affected by climate variability. Our results suggest that climate variability, measured as deviations in temperature and precipitation from their past (1990-2016), affects armed conflict through agricultural income. When Instrumental variable method is applied, we find support in our data for the argument that climatic variability affects conflict onset not only through agricultural income changes. The findings also suggest that bad governance affect positively and significantly the probability of conflict escalation. In summary, results suggest that climate variability affects significantly conflict in Niger through agricultural income and even directly (when using instrumental variable method). Climate change in environmentally fragile Sahel communities is one key factor driving transnational terrorism and inter-ethnic fighting, both of which remain serious downside risks to security in Niger. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use and Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Climate Change and Economics Mon, 01 Apr 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/993 2019-04-01T00:00:00Z http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/992 Climate change, migration and its effects on agricultural productivity in rural Mali DIALLO, Moussa The subject Climate Change and Human Mobility has become a topic in the heart of international issue, since it recommendation at COP 21 in Paris in 2015. Thererfore, there is an increasing body of literature review on climate change-induced migration such as with no concensus on the topic. The review has been carried out several channel on the relationship between climate change and migration. The main objective of this study is to examine the rate of migration in response to climate change and its effect on agricultural productivity in rural Mali. In addition, it will explore the influencing factors of agricultural production in rural area of Mali. This study builds on the Model of Vector Autoregressive (VAR) to assess the impact of climate change on migration in the first objective and combines with a multinomial logistic regression model to analyse the perception level and the causes of out-migration in Sikasso region. In our last objective we used a theoretical model to test is whether the reliability of the insurance mechanism is negatively correlated with our measure of unobservable household-specific productivity level. The study is mainly based on secondary data (EMOP and EACI or LSMS of the World Bank survey in Mali) both national survey from national institutions and website data (for example UN population division world bank etc.). These data were completed with the survey data of selected farm households in the third region of Mali (Sikasso). The study concludes that despite unfavourable climate change among rural farm households, migration remains mainly due to the poverty or unemployment. Furthermore, the study finds that the reliability of the insurance mechanism is negatively correlated with our measure of unobservable household-specific productivity level. A Thesis submitted to the West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use and Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Climate Change and Economics Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://197.159.135.214/jspui/handle/123456789/992 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z