Abstract:
Climate change and variability impact on staple food crops present a daunting challenge in the
21st century. The study assesses future climate variability on maize and rice yield over a 30-year
period by comparing the outcomes under two GCM models, namely, CSIRO_RCP4.5 and
NOAA_RCP4.5 of Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration respectively. Historical climate data and yield data were used to establish
correlations and then subsequently used to project future yields between 2021 and 2050. Using
the average yield data for the period 1987-2016 as baseline yield data, future yield predictions for
2021-2030, 2031-2040 and 2041-2050 were then compared with the baseline data. The results
showed that the future maize and rice yield would be vulnerable to climate variability with
CSIRO_RCP4.5 showing increase in maize yield whilst CSIRO_RCP4.5 gives a better projection
for rice yield. Furthermore, the results estimated the percentage mean yield gain for maize under
CSIRO_RCP4.5 and NOAA_ RCP4.5 by about 17 %, 31 % and 48 % for the period 2021-2030,
2031-2040 and 2041-2050 respectively. Mean rice yield lossess of -23 %, -19 % and -23 % were
expected for the same period respectively. The study recommended the use of improved rice and
maize cultivars to offset the negative effects of climate variability in future.
